Alignment
- Independent
- Extended radii (min.: 180m for secondary lines and 300m for main lines, exceptions down to 150m)
- Slight slopes (max.: 40‰ for secondary lines and 12,5‰ for main lines)
- In most cases with ballast superstructure
to carry heavy axle loads (18-22,5t) - Double-tracked if required
- Street level bounded to independent
- Small radii (e.g. 25m)
- Sheer slopes (up to 90‰) possible
- Various roadbeds (pavement, lawn, ballast)
to carry only light axle loads (<12t) - Generally double-tracked (Only in paticular exceptions single-tracked)
Speed
- Secondary lines: 60-80km/h
- Main lines: 120-160km/h
- New and upgraded track sections: >200km/h
- Innercity: 30-70km/h
- Outskirts: 60-80km/h
Interval
- "Operation in technical spacing"
(Exceptions: shunting as well as operational trips (e.g. for maintenance))
- "Operation on sight"
(Exceptions: >70km/h, in tunnels and on single-tracked sections)
Signalling
- Secondary lines: voice radio based operation (mostly signalled)
- Main lines: generally signalled using local (from 100km/h) or continous automatic train running (above 160km/h)
- Only on junctions, integrated into traffic lights
Rolling stock
- Single-directional vehicles in single or double traction as well as locomotive-driven trains
- Length: 70-210m (regional trains), 400m (high speed trains), 700m (freight trains)
- Width: 3,29m
- Access heights in most cases 60-100cm above track
- Single-directional vehicles in single or double traction
- Lenght: mostly 30 to 75m (maximum)
- Width: 2,65m (maximum)
- Access heights in most cases low (Karlsruhe: 35cm above track)
Traction
- Steam
- Diesel
- Electrical using various power supply (mostly 15-25KV AC)
- Generally electrical using 600-750V DC
Station
- Platforms (up to 160 km/h) according to structure gauge of vehicles
- main lines: mostly level-free access
- Platforms (if existing) according to envelope of vehicles
- Mostly level access
Level crossing
- New ones not allowed
- Manning follows local conditions, mostly technical manned by gates
- New ones conditionally allowed
- Manning follows local conditions, mostly technical manned by gates or traffic lights
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